Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coastal environment: positive or negative? A 1-year study on litter in Caspian coasts

Litter is one of the major environmental problems. These wastes cause adverse health, environmental, and even economic effects. One consequences COVID-19 pandemic impact on litter composition density due to its changes in lifestyle consumption patterns. In this study, effect ten southern beaches Caspian Sea Iran 1 year was investigated. The results showed that litters range 36.5–306 items/m2. highest lowest proportions COVID-related locations studied were 2.54 5.95%, respectively. indexes areas has reduced 90% by changing style citizens, but emergence new dumping related increased potential for health hazards caused litters. effects clean environment index 5 12% beaches. This study shows social phenomena such as a can be used better management municipal solid wastes, including similar situations future.